OIL

Oil and Petroleum Products:

- Urals. Siberian Light. ESPO. Sokol. Vityaz. ARCO. Sakhalin Blend.

- Urals. High-sulfur oil from the fields of the Urals and the Volga region,
mixed with light products from deposits in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug.

- Siberian Light. Light oil from Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug,
similar in composition to the Brent reference brand.

- ESPO. Light low-sulfur oil from Eastern Siberia.

- Sokol and Vityaz. Light oil with very low sulfur content,
produced by various companies in the fields of Sakhalin.

- Sakhalin Blend. A mixture of Vityaz brand and condensate from the Kirinskoye field.

- ARCO (Arctic Oil). Heavy oil with a high sulfur content,
It is produced at the Prirazlomnoye field on the Arctic shelf.

- The quality of oil is determined by the percentage of sulfur content: the lower it is, the more valuable the grade.

- Depending on the density, oil is divided into light and heavy.

- The first class includes Siberian Light, Sokol, ESPO, Vityaz, Sakhalin Blend, the second — Urals and ARCO.

- The appearance of oil depends on its composition. It is unique and varies depending on the geographical location of the deposit, the depth of the well and the characteristics of the surrounding soil.

- Oil is usually described as a viscous oily liquid of black color.
But in fact, her appearance can change dramatically: It can be green,
yellow and even transparent.

- The color is determined by the content of substances:

The green color is given by compounds of sulfur or metal ions.
Brown and black shades are associated with the presence of asphaltenes and resins.
Yellow, orange and transparent oil contains light fractions of associated petroleum gases and gas condensate.
If the oil consists only of hydrocarbons without impurities,
at the outlet of the well, a clear liquid, transparent as water, is obtained.

Main components of oil

Component	Composition	Description
Hydrocarbons	Organic compounds composed of carbon and hydrogen.
Paraffins (alkanes)	Saturated hydrocarbons with a linear or branched structure. The main part of light crude oil.	Light oil
Petroleum distillates (naphthenes)	Hydrocarbons with a ring structure, give viscosity and density to the oil.	Heavy oil
Aromatic hydrocarbons	Hydrocarbons with benzene rings in the structure, often found in heavy oil.	Benzene, Toluene, Xylene

Impurities in oil composition

Impurity	Composition	Description
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S)	A toxic substance that gives petroleum a specific odor.	High content in oil from Middle East fields
Nitrogen compounds	Organic compounds containing nitrogen that affect the reactivity of oil and the formation of toxic products during combustion.	Light oil
Oxygen-containing compounds	Substances such as phenols and ketones.
Metals and trace elements	Metals such as nickel, vanadium, iron, copper. Affect catalytic processes in oil refining.	Nickel, vanadium, copper
Water and salts	Dissolved water and salt inclusions affecting oil quality and refining process.

Types of oil by physical and chemical characteristics

Type of oil	Composition	Description
Light oil	Oil with high content of low molecular weight hydrocarbons (paraffins, naphthenes). Light, low viscosity, more valuable.	North Sea oil, US shale oil
Heavy oil	Oil with a high content of high molecular weight hydrocarbons (asphaltenes, resins), with high viscosity and low fluidity, requires complex processing.	Oil from Venezuela (Maracaibo), from Canadian sandstones
Ultra-heavy oil	Oil with very high viscosity, high content of asphaltenes and impurities of sulfur and metals.	Oil from the Orinoco (Venezuela)
Shelf oil	Offshore crude oil can be either light or heavy, often with varying sulfur content.	Different deposits with different sulphur content
Oil with high sulfur content	Oil containing significant amounts of hydrogen sulfide, such as from fields in the Middle East.	Iraq, Iran
Oil from ultra-deep horizons	Oil produced from deep fields from depths of more than 5,000 meters often has unique characteristics due to geological conditions.	Northern Black Sea coast and the Azov-Caspian Basin Western Siberia Sakhalin Tomsk and Omsk

Classification of oil by sulfur content

Type of oil	Composition	Description
Sweet oil	Low sulphur content (less than 0.5%). More valuable, easy to process.	North Sea oil, US shale oil
Sour oil	High sulfur content (more than 0.5%). More difficult to process, requires additional treatment processes.	Heavy oil with high sulphur concentrations

Types of oil fields

Oil field type	Composition	Description
By aggregate state	1. Gas - hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon gases (helium, neon). 2. Liquid - oil and groundwater. 3. Solid - minerals, rocks.	Natural gas from Russia, oil from the Gulf of Mexico
By industrial application	1. Ore (metallic) - deposits of ferrous, light, rare metals. 2. Non-metallic - chemical, construction raw materials. 3. Combustible - oil, coal. 4. Hydromineral - groundwater.	Coal deposits in Kuzbass, oil in Siberia
By industrial application	1. Indigenous - deposits that have not undergone changes. 2. Alluvial - formed as a result of the destruction of bedrock.	Gold-bearing sands, oil from deposits. Alluvial gold deposits in Yakutia, oil in the Volga region

Types of oil products

Product	Composition	Description
Urals	High-sulfur oil (with high sulfur content) from fields in the Urals and Volga regions.	Ural, Volga region
Siberian Light	Light crude oil from Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous District, similar to Brent.	Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous District
ESPO (Eastern Siberia Pacific Ocean)	Light oil with low sulfur content from Eastern Siberia.	Eastern Siberia, exports to China
“Sokol” and “Vityaz”	Light oil with very low sulfur content produced on Sakhalin.	Sakhalin, Russia
Sakhalin mix	Blend of Vityaz grade and condensate from the Kirinskoye field.	Sakhalin, Kirinskoye field
ARCO	Heavy crude oil with high sulfur content	Prirazlomnoye field in the Arctic

Oil Colors

Color	Composition	Description
Green color	It is caused by the presence of organic sulfur compounds (hydrogen sulfide) or metal ions (e.g. copper, iron).	Oil with high sulfur content, e.g. from Iran
Brown and black shades	The presence of asphaltenes and resins that form dark and viscous liquids.	Heavy oil from Venezuela, Canada
Yellow, orange, transparent	Oil containing light hydrocarbons such as gas condensates. The color also depends on the presence of impurities of low molecular weight hydrocarbons.	Light crude oil from the North Sea, Sakhalin

Oil Colors (By Composition)

The color of the oil	Chemical composition (in %) and notes	Features
Black	- Asphaltenes: 20-50% - Sulphur: 1-5% - Paraffins: 10-15% - Resins: 10-30% - Water and mechanical impurities: 5-15%	High content of heavy hydrocarbons and impurities. Very high viscosity, low flowability. Requires complex processing.
Dark - brown	- Asphaltenes: 15-35% - Sulphur: 0.5-3% - Paraffins: 5-12% - Resins: 15-25% - Water and mechanical impurities: 3-10%	Asphaltene and tar content is high, but lower than black oil. Refining requires effort.
Green	- Sulfur: 0.1-2% - Paraffins: 5-10% - Aromatic hydrocarbons: 10-30% - Water and mechanical impurities: 2-5%	A green tint can be caused by the presence of hydrogen sulfide or metals such as copper or iron. Crude oil is often low in asphaltenes.
Yellow - orange	- Paraffins: 30-50% - Naphthenes: 10-25% - Aromatic hydrocarbons: 5-10% - Sulfur: 0.1-0.5% - Water and mechanical impurities: 1-3%	Light oil with high paraffin content and low sulfur content. Well refined, high flowability.
Golden (Amber)	- Paraffins: 40-60% - Aromatic hydrocarbons: 5-10% - Naphthenes: 5-15% - Sulfur: 0.1-0.5% - Water and mechanical impurities: 0-2%	It is an oil with a high concentration of light hydrocarbons, often used to produce high quality gasoline. Very high fluidity.
Reddish	- Paraffins: 20-40% - Aromatic hydrocarbons: 5-15% - Sulfur: 0.5-2% - Resins: 10-20% - Water and mechanical impurities: 3-8%	A reddish tint may indicate the presence of organic compounds with iron or copper. Medium viscosity oil.
Transparent oil	- Paraffins: 50-70% - Naphthenes: 10-20% - Aromatic hydrocarbons: 0-5% - Sulfur: 0.1-0.3% - Water and mechanical impurities: 0-1%	Very light oil with almost complete absence of impurities and high quality hydrocarbons. Easy to refine and has very low viscosity.

List of oil fields

№	Oil field	Color	Composition	Description
1	Russkoe	Yellow, orange, transparent,Brown and black shades,Green color	• Oil - high-viscosity, aromatic-naphthenic type • Paraffin 0.7-1.2 %; • Resins 10-12 %; asphaltenes 0.5-1 %; sulfur up to 0.3 % • Density 939-942 kg/m3. • The gas contains: • CH4 - 99.2%; • C2H6 + higher - 0,2%; • N2 - 0,4% • CO2 - 0.2% • Jet and diesel fuel, arctic low-liquid low-sulfur oil, bitumen and petroleum coke are produced.	• The field has reserves estimated at 410 million recoverable oil.
2	Srednebotuobinskoy	Yellow, orange, transparent,Brown and black shades,Green color	• Oil density 867 kg/m3 • Sulfur content 0.89%	• Reserves of the field are 134 million tons of oil and 155 billion cubic meters of natural gas. • Annual oil production is 1.29 million tons. • Effective thickness of reservoirs - 1.6-69.2 m, thickness of clay interlayers - 2-45 m. • Deposits height - up to 160 m, depth of occurrence - 1770-3090 m. • Initial reservoir pressures - 17.2-66.7 MPa, temperatures - 51-90°C.
3	Urengoyskoye	Yellow, orange, transparent,Brown and black shades,Green color	• Gas deposits are methane (CH4 - 81.35-93.74; C2H6 + higher - 3.50-6.85 CH4 - 81-94%). • The content of N2 and CO2 does not exceed 1%. • Light oil (766 - 799 kg/m3) • Light sulfur, content: S - up to 0.06%, resins - 0.88%, paraffin - 2.87%.	Recoverable reserves - up to 10 trillion m3 of gas
4	Beregovoye	Yellow, orange, transparent,Brown and black shades,Green color	- Paraffins: 20-40% - Aromatic hydrocarbons: 5-15% - Sulfur: 0.5-2% - Resins: 10-20% - Water and mechanical impurities: 3-8%	• Gas reserves are more than 300 billion m3, gas condensate - 0.991 million tons. • Oil reserves are 9.035 mln tons. • GTU with a capacity of 40 mln m3/day of gas
5	Kamennoye	Yellow, orange, transparent,Brown and black shades,Green color	- Paraffins: 20-40% - Aromatic hydrocarbons: 5-15% - Sulfur: 0.5-2% - Resins: 10-20% - Water and mechanical impurities: 3-8%	Месторождение имеет запасы, которые оценены в 410 миллионов извлекаемой нефти.
6	Kynskoye	Yellow, orange, transparent,Brown and black shades,Green color	- Paraffins: 20-40% - Aromatic hydrocarbons: 5-15% - Sulfur: 0.5-2% - Resins: 10-20% - Water and mechanical impurities: 3-8%	Месторождение имеет запасы, которые оценены в 410 миллионов извлекаемой нефти.
7	West Irkinskoye	Yellow, orange, transparent,Brown and black shades,Green color	- Paraffins: 20-40% - Aromatic hydrocarbons: 5-15% - Sulfur: 0.5-2% - Resins: 10-20% - Water and mechanical impurities: 3-8%	Месторождение имеет запасы, которые оценены в 410 миллионов извлекаемой нефти.
8	Severo-Danilovskoye	Yellow, orange, transparent,Brown and black shades,Green color	- Paraffins: 20-40% - Aromatic hydrocarbons: 5-15% - Sulfur: 0.5-2% - Resins: 10-20% - Water and mechanical impurities: 3-8%
9	Severo-Komsomolskoye	Yellow, orange, transparent,Brown and black shades,Green color
10	Tagulskoye Prirazlomnoye	Yellow, orange, transparent,Brown and black shades,Green color
11	Arkutun Daginskoye	Yellow, orange, transparent,Brown and black shades,Green color
12	Suzunskoye	Yellow, orange, transparent,Brown and black shades,Green color
13	Uvatskaya	Yellow, orange, transparent,Brown and black shades,Green color
14	Pobeda	Yellow, orange, transparent,Brown and black shades,Green color
15	Samotlor	Yellow, orange, transparent,Brown and black shades,Green color
16	Romashkinskoye
17	Priobskoye
18	Lyantorskoye
19	Fedorovskoye
20	Salym group (including Pravdinskoye, Salym, Northern, Upper, Western, Vadelypskoye)
21	Urengoyskoye gas and oil condensate field
22	Mamontovskoye
23	Krasnoleninsk group (including Kamennoye, Talinskoye, Em-Yogovskoye, Severo-Kamennoye, Palyanovskoye, Inginskoye, Vostochno-Inginskoye, Pottymsko-Inginskoye, Elizarovskoye, Lebyazhye).
24	Sakhalin-5 Project
25	Sakhalin-3 Project
26	Sakhalin-2 Project
27	Novo-Yelkhovskoye
28	Povkhovskoye
29	Kurmangazy (with Kazakhstan)
30	Prirazlomnoye (KHMAO)
31	Velikoye
32	South Khylchuyu
33	Tuimazinskoye
34	Severo-Rogozhnikovskoye
35	Bavlinskoye
36	Russkoe gas and oil
37	Arlanskoye
38	Astrakhanskoye gas condensate
39	Severo-Dolginskoye
40	Vat-Yeganskoye
41	Sakhalin-1 Project (Chaivo, Odoptu, Arkutun-Dagi)
42	Nizhnechutinskoye
43	Vankorskoye
44	Yuzhno-Dolginskoye
45	Tevlinsko-Russkinskoye
46	Yurubcheno-Tokhomskoye
47	Usinskoye
48	Yuzhno-Yagunskoye
49	In the name of Vladimir Filanovsky
50	Verkhnechonskoye
51	Imilorskoye
52	Srednebotuobinskoye
53	Pokachevskoye
54	Zapadno-Matveevskoye
55	Savostyanovskoye
56	Kharyaginskoye
57	Sporyshevskoye
58	Malobalykskoye
59	Lodochnoye
60	Yaregskoye viscous oil
61	Voseyskoye
62	Uryevskoye
63	Kovyktinskoye
64	Talakan oil and gas
65	Ishimbayskoye
66	Ust-Balykskoye
67	Yuzhno-Surgutskoye
68	West Surgut
69	Groznenskoye (Gudermes, Malgobek-Gorskoe, Starogroznenskoe, Novogroznenskoe)
70	Komsomolskoye oil and gas condensate field
71	Yuri Korchagin
72	Severo-Pokachevskoye
73	Rakushechnoye
74	170th km (Caspian)
75	Kholmogorskoye
76	Chayanda oil and gas condensate field
77	Druzhnoye
78	Angaro-Lenskoye gas condensate field
79	Nivagalskoye
80	Nong-Yeganskoye
81	Khvalynskoye oil and gas condensate field
82	Kogalymskoye
83	Pamyatno-Sasovskoye
84	Yuzhno-Tambeyskoye gas condensate field
85	Sarmatskoye oil and gas condensate named after Y. Kuvykin
86	Prirazlomnoye		• Oil is low-sulfur, paraffinic, • Increased thermobaric conditions,, • Reduced density of 773 kg/m3 and viscosity of oil in reservoir conditions. • Undersaturated with gas - saturation pressure is 2 times lower than formation pressure, average gas content is high.. • Carbon dioxide - up to 2.32, • Nitrogen - up to 0.57, • Methane - up to 27.80, • Ethane - up to 6.00, • Propane to 9.00, • Isobutane to 1.90, • Butane - up to 5.70, Isopentane - up to 1.90, • Pentane - up to 3.30, • Hexanes + heptanes - up to 63.70, • Mole weight - up to 154.	Proven reserves: 658.8 million tons. Recoverable: 218.2 million tons.
87	Unvinskoye
88	Ety-Purovskoye
89	Tazovskoye
90	Yurchukskoye
91	Klyuchevoye
92	Zapadno-Malobalykskoye
93	Utrenneye (Salmanovskoye) gas-condensate-oil field
94	Verkh-Tarskoye
95	Shtokmanovskoye gas
96	Yamburgskoye
97	Luginetskoye
98	Yuzhno-Shapkinskoye
99	Kravtsovskoye
100	Markovskoye
101	Tedinskoye
102	Yaraktinskoye
103	Kochevskoe
104	Sredne-Khulymskoye
105	Bovanenkovskoye
106	Long-Yuganskoye
107	Pashshorskoye
108	Yuzhno-Russkoye
109	Yuzhno-Lyaminskoye
110	Varioganskoye gas and oil field<
111	Verkhne-Shapshinskoye oil field
112	Vyngapurovskoye oil and gas condensate field
114	Vyngayakhinskoye gas and oil field
115	Zhirnovskoye oil and gas field
116	Zapadno-Messoyakhskoye oil and gas field
117	Zapadno-Rakushechnoye oil field
118	Zapadno-Tebukskoye oil field
119	Zapolyarnoye oil and gas condensate field
120	Karpyon oil and gas condensate field
121	Korobkovskoye oil and gas field
122	Kuyumbinskoye oil field
123	Layavozhskoye oil and gas condensate field
124	Lutseyakhskoye
125	Lydushorskoye
126	Mangazeyskoye oil field
127	Megion oil field
128	Muravlenkovskoye oil field
129	Mukhanovskoye oil field
130	Nazymskoye oil field
131	Nizhne-Shapshinskoye oil field
132	Novogodneye oil field
133	Novoilkhovskoye oil field
134	Palnikovskoye oil field
135	Frontier oil field
136	Pokrovskoye oil field
137	Russko-Rechenskoye oil condensate field
138	Sobolevskoye oil field
139	Sredne-Shapshinskoye oil field
140	Sugmutskoye oil field
141	Suzunskoye oil and gas field
142	Sutorminskoye oil field
143	Tagulskoye oil and gas condensate field
144	Tyamkinskoye oil field
145	Urnenskoye oil field
146	Ust-Tegusskoye oil field
147	Kharasaveyskoye oil and gas condensate field
148	Central oil and gas condensate field
149	Chekmagushskoye oil field
150	Chkalovskoye (Tomsk Region)
151	Shaimskoye oil field
152	Shkapovskoye oil field
153	Yuzhno-Balykskoye oil field
154	Yurkharovskoye oil condensate field
155	Yuryevskoye oil field
156	Yaro-Yakhinskoye oil condensate field

Oil Fields:

Oil and Petroleum Products: